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However, on one hand, it has brought much convenience for our work and life on the other hand, sd card users also suffer a great damage of data loss and files deletion or formation.
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To erase a block, a high voltage causes all the electrons in the floating gates to dissipate into the substrate, which turns all the bits to 1s.SD card, being widely used in our daily life, is a small piece of portable storage devices that can store a large amount of data, photos, videos and other files or applications. When not charged, the lack of electrons in the gate allow the source current to reach the drain, which is interpreted as a 1.
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When charged, the electrons block the source current from reaching the drain, and the bit is interpreted as a 0. (Image courtesy of Micro Center, The Floating Gate Transistorįlash memory and EEPROM cells use a MOSFET transistor with a floating gate that holds a charge. Class 10 SD cards means a minimum of 10 MBytes/sec write speed for HD video recording. This 2014 Micro Center ad highlighted the flash memory products people use every day. (Images courtesy of The National Museum of Computing, Milton Keynes, U.K., Flash For Sale
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The 16GB SD card in the digital camera example above holds eight times more storage than all the disk drives in this room full of ICL computers. SD cards are very popular, and they can hold up to 512GB. NAND flash memory cards such as this 16GB SD card are used in all modern cameras and camcorders. The ubiquitous USB drives are not much more than a NAND flash memory chip. Not only are SSDs faster, there is no read/write head to accidentally scratch a platter's surface (see head crash). Slowly but surely, flash-based solid state drives (SSDs) are replacing the computer's hard drives for storage. See charge trap flash, USB drive, memory card, flash BIOS, early memory and non-volatile memory.
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For more on flash architecture, see EEPROM, NAND flash and MLC. In a computer, a NAND flash solid state drive (SSD) functions like a hard drive for both program and data storage (see FTL). For example, in a digital camera, an internal NOR chip holds the software, but the removable memory cards are composed of NAND chips. It has denser cells and faster erasing and writing than NOR. Toshiba developed the less costly NAND flash in 1989. Unlike RAM, NOR flash does not require power to hold its content. Introduced by Intel in 1988, NOR supports one-byte random access, which means a program's instructions are executed directly from the NOR flash the same way computers execute instructions in RAM. NOR flash is used for program execution similar to RAM.
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Fortunately, this all takes place within the SSD, which during idle cycles, erases no-longer-used "dirty" blocks so there are always "clean" blocks to write to. Flash memory cells must be erased before they can be written to.Ĭells make up pages, and pages make up blocks, but while pages are written, only blocks can be erased. See SSD.Įvolving from the EEPROM chip, flash was invented by Toshiba in the mid-1980s and named after its ability to erase a block of data "in a flash." However, this block erasing is flash memory's peculiarity. Flash memory provides many years of service but eventually wears out (see SSD write cycle). It is also the storage component in solid state drives (SSDs), which are increasingly obsoleting hard drives in computers and servers. Comprised of cells that hold a charge without power, flash memory is extremely durable and used in just about every electronic device, including cameras, smartphones, tablets, music players and USB drives. (2) Flash memory is the most economical non-volatile, rewritable storage chip on the market.
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This article is provided by FOLDOC - Free Online Dictionary of Computing ( ) flash memory (1) For Adobe's multimedia authoring and playback system, see Flash.